.png)
Executive Functioning
​Executive functioning is like the brain’s management system. It helps us plan, stay organised, solve problems, manage our emotions, and make everyday decisions, from getting ready in the morning to meeting deadlines at work or school. For autistic individuals and those with ADHD, executive functioning can be a real challenge. Tasks that might seem simple to others — like starting homework, remembering instructions, or switching between activities — can feel overwhelming or even impossible without the right support. This isn’t about laziness or lack of effort. It’s about how the brain is wired, and understanding that is the first step toward building effective strategies that actually help.
.png)
What Is Executive Functioning?
.png)
.png)
Executive functioning plays a big role in our daily lives. It’s the set of brain skills that helps us stay on track, handle change, and get things done. Here’s how it supports us (and where challenges might show up for autistic and ADHD individuals):
​
Memory Skills
Holding important information in your mind while using it to solve problems, follow instructions, or make decisions, like remembering a list of steps while brushing teeth or completing homework.
​
Self-Control
Managing impulses and emotions, staying calm under pressure, and resisting distractions. This helps with things like waiting your turn or coping when something unexpected happens.
​
Task Switching
Moving smoothly from one activity to another, especially when plans change. Like stopping a game to get ready for school or shifting focus between lessons.
​
Planning and Organising
Setting goals, creating a plan, and knowing how to follow it through. From packing a school bag to preparing for a family trip.
Getting Started
Beginning tasks without getting stuck or overwhelmed, even when they’re boring, tricky, or just not appealing.
Adaptability
Adjusting to new situations, routines, or perspectives can be particularly hard in a busy, unpredictable world.
Self-Monitoring
Checking how things are going, noticing when something’s not working, and making changes if needed. Like realising you’ve forgotten a step in a routine and correcting it.
How can you improve executive functioning skills?
There are things you can do to help your own executive functioning, or support others who are struggling.
Take Small Steps: Break big tasks into smaller parts to make them easier.
Use Pictures and Timetables: Pictures and calendars can help you see and understand tasks and schedules better.
Follow a Routine: Doing things in the same order every day can make it simpler. Routine means you use less of your limited executive functioning power and leave it free for other tasks throughout the day.
Manage Time Well: Use alarms or timers to help you keep track of time. Plan how long each task will take.
Stay Organised: Use planners, checklists, or apps to remember things and stay organised.
Challenge Your Memory: Try puzzles, games, or mental exercises to improve your memory.
Stay Active: Exercise regularly to help your brain work better.
Take Care of Yourself: Get enough sleep, eat well, and drink water to keep your body and brain healthy.
Relax and Focus: Practice deep breathing or mindfulness to manage stress and stay focused.
Get Help if Needed: Talk to professionals like doctors or teachers who can give you extra support and advice. Some people may need medication, especially if they’re diagnosed with ADHD.
Remember, everyone is different, so find what works best for you or your child. Be patient, and don't hesitate to ask for help when you need it.
.png)
